Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Antibacterial and Phytochemical Screening of Artemisia Species

doi: 10.3390/antiox12030596

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antioxidant activity of wormwood ethanolic aerial parts, depending on the year of vegetation.

Article Snippet: The MIC of the ethanolic extract of AnL ranged from <2.00 ± 0.014 mg/mL (against S. aureus ATCC 25923) to 375.00 ± 0.014 mg/mL AbS1 (against E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. enteritidis ATCC 13076).

Techniques: Antioxidant Activity Assay

Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Antibacterial and Phytochemical Screening of Artemisia Species

doi: 10.3390/antiox12030596

Figure Lengend Snippet: Amounts of polyphenolic compounds in wormwood ethanolic aerial extracts (µg/mL).

Article Snippet: The MIC of the ethanolic extract of AnL ranged from <2.00 ± 0.014 mg/mL (against S. aureus ATCC 25923) to 375.00 ± 0.014 mg/mL AbS1 (against E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. enteritidis ATCC 13076).

Techniques:

Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Antibacterial and Phytochemical Screening of Artemisia Species

doi: 10.3390/antiox12030596

Figure Lengend Snippet: Assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration values of the wormwood ethanolic extracts from different growing years.

Article Snippet: The MIC of the ethanolic extract of AnL ranged from <2.00 ± 0.014 mg/mL (against S. aureus ATCC 25923) to 375.00 ± 0.014 mg/mL AbS1 (against E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. enteritidis ATCC 13076).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Antibacterial and Phytochemical Screening of Artemisia Species

doi: 10.3390/antiox12030596

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition zones induced by wormwood against bacterial strains (mm).

Article Snippet: The MIC of the ethanolic extract of AnL ranged from <2.00 ± 0.014 mg/mL (against S. aureus ATCC 25923) to 375.00 ± 0.014 mg/mL AbS1 (against E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. enteritidis ATCC 13076).

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: ACS chemical biology

Article Title: Discovery of the Tyrobetaine Natural Products and Their Biosynthetic Gene Cluster via Metabologenomics

doi: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01089

Figure Lengend Snippet: Structure elucidation of tyrobetaine and chlorotyrobetaine. (a) The structure of tyrobetaine and chlorotyrobetaine with key NMR correlations indicated. (b) The MS2 spectrum for tyrobetaine with key masses indicated. *Indicates the mass after removal of the trimethylammonium. LOH = hydroxyleucine. Red masses indicate observed masses. Δppm values are indicated in parentheses after the key masses. Key mass losses are in purple.

Article Snippet: We expect that tyrobetaine does have a biological function that we have yet to discover. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 organism/protease tyrobetaine MIC b or IC 50 c ( μ M) chlorotyrobetaine MIC b or IC 50 c ( μ M) oxytetracycline MIC ( μ g/mL) oxytetracycline + 32 μ g/mL tyrobetaine MIC ( μ g/mL) E. faecalis ATTC 19433 >100 >100 ND ND S. aureus ATCC 29213 >100 >100 ND ND K. pneumoniae ATCC 27736 >100 >100 ND ND A. baumannii ATCC 19606 >100 >100 ND ND P. aeruginosa PAO1 >100 >100 ND ND E. coli ATCC 25922 >100 >100 4 8 A549 human lung cancer >100 >100 ND ND ACE >10 ND ND ND HIV-1 protease >10 ND ND ND Open in a separate window a ND = not determined.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS chemical biology

Article Title: Discovery of the Tyrobetaine Natural Products and Their Biosynthetic Gene Cluster via Metabologenomics

doi: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01089

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tyrobetaine BGC and heterologous expression. (a) The BGC for the tyrobetaines from Streptomyces sp. WC-3703. Arrows indicate genes. The color of the arrow corresponds to the type of gene (indicated below the arrows). See Table S5 for BLAST analysis. (b) AntiSMASH NRPS domain predictions for TybD, TybE, and TybF. A = adenylation domain with subscript indicating the predicted amino acid (Y = tyrosine, X = no consensus, A = alanine). MT = N-methyltransferase. T = thiolation domain. C = condensation domain. See Table S6 for NRPS adenylation domain predictions. (c) Extracted ion chromatogram for tyrobetaine (587.30–587.31) in wild type S. lividans 66, S. lividans 66 pRAM6 (heterologous expression of NRPS_GCF.432), purified tyrobetaine, and S. lividans 66 pRAM6 spiked with purified tyrobetaine.

Article Snippet: We expect that tyrobetaine does have a biological function that we have yet to discover. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 organism/protease tyrobetaine MIC b or IC 50 c ( μ M) chlorotyrobetaine MIC b or IC 50 c ( μ M) oxytetracycline MIC ( μ g/mL) oxytetracycline + 32 μ g/mL tyrobetaine MIC ( μ g/mL) E. faecalis ATTC 19433 >100 >100 ND ND S. aureus ATCC 29213 >100 >100 ND ND K. pneumoniae ATCC 27736 >100 >100 ND ND A. baumannii ATCC 19606 >100 >100 ND ND P. aeruginosa PAO1 >100 >100 ND ND E. coli ATCC 25922 >100 >100 4 8 A549 human lung cancer >100 >100 ND ND ACE >10 ND ND ND HIV-1 protease >10 ND ND ND Open in a separate window a ND = not determined.

Techniques: Expressing, Purification

Journal: ACS chemical biology

Article Title: Discovery of the Tyrobetaine Natural Products and Their Biosynthetic Gene Cluster via Metabologenomics

doi: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01089

Figure Lengend Snippet: Feeding experiments with stable isotope labeled amino acids. Mass spectrum from spent media from Streptomyces sp. NRRL WC-3703 grown on (a) medium alone or medium with (b) D4-L-tyrosine, (c) D3,13C-methionine, (d) D10-L-leucine, or (e) D4-L-alanine. (f) Structure of tyrobetaine with likely location of stable isotopes. Yellow bar indicates the m/z for tyrobetaine. Colored bars indicate isotopically labeled tyrobetaine. See Figure S6 for chlorotyrobetaine.

Article Snippet: We expect that tyrobetaine does have a biological function that we have yet to discover. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 organism/protease tyrobetaine MIC b or IC 50 c ( μ M) chlorotyrobetaine MIC b or IC 50 c ( μ M) oxytetracycline MIC ( μ g/mL) oxytetracycline + 32 μ g/mL tyrobetaine MIC ( μ g/mL) E. faecalis ATTC 19433 >100 >100 ND ND S. aureus ATCC 29213 >100 >100 ND ND K. pneumoniae ATCC 27736 >100 >100 ND ND A. baumannii ATCC 19606 >100 >100 ND ND P. aeruginosa PAO1 >100 >100 ND ND E. coli ATCC 25922 >100 >100 4 8 A549 human lung cancer >100 >100 ND ND ACE >10 ND ND ND HIV-1 protease >10 ND ND ND Open in a separate window a ND = not determined.

Techniques: Labeling

Journal: ACS chemical biology

Article Title: Discovery of the Tyrobetaine Natural Products and Their Biosynthetic Gene Cluster via Metabologenomics

doi: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01089

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibiotic Activity, Anticancer Activity, and Protease Inhibition of Tyrobetaine and Chlorotyrobetaine a

Article Snippet: We expect that tyrobetaine does have a biological function that we have yet to discover. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 organism/protease tyrobetaine MIC b or IC 50 c ( μ M) chlorotyrobetaine MIC b or IC 50 c ( μ M) oxytetracycline MIC ( μ g/mL) oxytetracycline + 32 μ g/mL tyrobetaine MIC ( μ g/mL) E. faecalis ATTC 19433 >100 >100 ND ND S. aureus ATCC 29213 >100 >100 ND ND K. pneumoniae ATCC 27736 >100 >100 ND ND A. baumannii ATCC 19606 >100 >100 ND ND P. aeruginosa PAO1 >100 >100 ND ND E. coli ATCC 25922 >100 >100 4 8 A549 human lung cancer >100 >100 ND ND ACE >10 ND ND ND HIV-1 protease >10 ND ND ND Open in a separate window a ND = not determined.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Inhibition